Eusideroxylon zwageri (billian)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Stem form Caption Stem form of E. zwageri, 40 cm dbh. Durian Luncuk conservation area, Jambi, Indonesia. Copyright Bambang Irawan	Stem form	Stem form of E. zwageri, 40 cm dbh. Durian Luncuk conservation area, Jambi, Indonesia.	Bambang Irawan
Title Stem Caption Close up of bole. Copyright K.M. Kochummen	Stem	Close up of bole.	K.M. Kochummen
Title Stem form Caption Stem form of E. zwageri, 30 cm dbh. Senami forest, Jambi, Indonesia. Copyright Bambang Irawan	Stem form	Stem form of E. zwageri, 30 cm dbh. Senami forest, Jambi, Indonesia.	Bambang Irawan
Title Typical habitat Caption Habitat of E. zwageri: E. zwageri is able to grow under soil which seasonally waterlogged. Senami forest, Jambi Indonesia. Copyright Bambang Irawan	Typical habitat	Habitat of E. zwageri: E. zwageri is able to grow under soil which seasonally waterlogged. Senami forest, Jambi Indonesia.	Bambang Irawan
Title Natural regeneration Caption Natural regeneration of E. zawgeri, they grow mostly under a mother tree. Durian Luncuk conservation area, Jambi, Indonesia. Copyright Bambang Irawan	Natural regeneration	Natural regeneration of E. zawgeri, they grow mostly under a mother tree. Durian Luncuk conservation area, Jambi, Indonesia.	Bambang Irawan
Title Sprouting stump Caption E. zwageri's sprouts growing in Senami forest, Jambi, Indonesia. Sprouts are approx. 4 months old. The size of the stump approx. 20 cm. Copyright Bambang Irawan	Sprouting stump	E. zwageri's sprouts growing in Senami forest, Jambi, Indonesia. Sprouts are approx. 4 months old. The size of the stump approx. 20 cm.	Bambang Irawan
Title Line planting method Caption E. zwageri in line planting method at educational forest, Jambi University, Indonesia. The line width was 2 m, the distance between lines was 5 m and distance between seedlings was 2 m. Copyright Bambang Irawan	Line planting method	E. zwageri in line planting method at educational forest, Jambi University, Indonesia. The line width was 2 m, the distance between lines was 5 m and distance between seedlings was 2 m.	Bambang Irawan
Title Leaves Caption Leaves of E. zwageri: Senami forest, Jambi, Indonesia. Copyright Bambang Irawan	Leaves	Leaves of E. zwageri: Senami forest, Jambi, Indonesia.	Bambang Irawan
Title Inflorescence Caption Inflorescence of E. zwageri. Senami Forest, Jambi, Indonesia. Copyright Bambang Irawan	Inflorescence	Inflorescence of E. zwageri. Senami Forest, Jambi, Indonesia.	Bambang Irawan
Title Flower Caption Close-up of flower under microscope (x 100). Copyright Bambang Irawan	Flower	Close-up of flower under microscope (x 100).	Bambang Irawan
Title Fruits Caption Fruits of E. zwageri: Senami Forest, Jambi, Indonesia. Copyright Bambang Irawan	Fruits	Fruits of E. zwageri: Senami Forest, Jambi, Indonesia.	Bambang Irawan
Title Seed variation Caption Variation of E. zwageri seeds found in Senami Forest, Jambi, Indonesia. The seeds are without testa (note pen for scale). Copyright Bambang Irawan	Seed variation	Variation of E. zwageri seeds found in Senami Forest, Jambi, Indonesia. The seeds are without testa (note pen for scale).	Bambang Irawan
Title Seedlings Caption One year old E. zwageri seedlings. Copyright Bambang Irawan	Seedlings	One year old E. zwageri seedlings.	Bambang Irawan
Title Root system Caption Root system of E. zwageri. The diameter is approx. 4 cm. Copyright Bambang Irawan	Root system	Root system of E. zwageri. The diameter is approx. 4 cm.	Bambang Irawan
Title Line artwork Caption Representation of tree habit, leaves, inflorescence, flower, fruit, seed. Copyright PROSEA Foundation	Line artwork	Representation of tree habit, leaves, inflorescence, flower, fruit, seed.	PROSEA Foundation

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn.

Preferred Common Name

• billian

Other Scientific Names

• Bihania borneensis Meisn.
• Eusideroxylon lauriflora auct.

International Common Names

• English: Borneo ironwood; ironwood
• Spanish: palo amarillo
• French: bilian; bois de fer

Local Common Names

• Brunei Darussalam: belian
• Germany: Eisenholzbaum, Südostasiatischer
• Indonesia: belian
• Kalimantan: tebelian; tulian; ulin
• Philippines: biliran; sakian; tambulian
• Sabah: belian; tambulian; tambulian im muk
• Sarawak: belian; tambulian im muk
• Sumatra: onglen

EPPO code

• EUDZW (Eusideroxylon zwageri)

Trade name

• billian

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Plantae
•         Phylum: Spermatophyta
•             Subphylum: Angiospermae
•                 Class: Dicotyledonae
•                     Order: Laurales
•                         Family: Lauraceae
•                             Genus: Eusideroxylon
•                                 Species: Eusideroxylon zwageri

List of Pests

Wild hosts

Uses List

Materials

• Miscellaneous materials
• Wood/timber

Medicinal, pharmaceutical

• Source of medicine/pharmaceutical

Wood Products