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Datasheet

Epidiaspis leperii (European pear scale)

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 04 September 2012
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Pest
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Epidiaspis leperii
  • Preferred Common Name
  • European pear scale
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Metazoa
  •         Phylum: Arthropoda
  •             Subphylum: Uniramia
  •                 Class: Insecta
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  • Distribution mapMore information

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Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

  • Epidiaspis leperii (Signoret)

Preferred Common Name

  • European pear scale

Other Scientific Names

  • Aspidiotus piricola Del Guercio, 1894
  • Diaspis betulae
  • Diaspis fallax Hovath, 1897
  • Diaspis leperii Signoret, 1869
  • Diaspis ostreaeformis Signoret, 1869
  • Diaspis piricola
  • Diaspis pyri Colvée, 1881
  • Diaspis pyricola
  • Epidiaspis betulae Lindinger, 1912
  • Epidiaspis leperei Lindinger, 1911
  • Epidiaspis leperii Ferris, 1937
  • Epidiaspis piricola Cockerell, 1902

International Common Names

  • English: gray pear scale; Italian pear scale; pear-tree oyster scale; red pear scale
  • Spanish: cochinilla gris del peral; cochinilla roja del peral; conchuela blanca del peral
  • French: cochenille rouge du poirier

Local Common Names

  • Germany: Schildlaus, Rote Austern-; Schildlaus, Rote Deckel-; Schildlaus, Rote Obstbaum-
  • Italy: cocciniglia grigia del pero
  • Netherlands: rode pereschildluis
  • Turkey: armut kabuklu biti

EPPO code

  • EPIDBE (Epidiaspis leperii)

Taxonomic Tree

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  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Metazoa
  •         Phylum: Arthropoda
  •             Subphylum: Uniramia
  •                 Class: Insecta
  •                     Order: Hemiptera
  •                         Suborder: Sternorrhyncha
  •                             Superfamily: Coccoidea
  •                                 Family: Diaspididae
  •                                     Genus: Epidiaspis
  •                                         Species: Epidiaspis leperii

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

CountryDistributionLast ReportedOriginFirst ReportedInvasiveReferencesNotes

ASIA

Georgia (Republic of)PresentAleksidze, 1995
IranPresentNakahara, 1982; Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998
TurkeyPresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998; Kozár et al., 1979

AFRICA

AlgeriaPresentNakahara, 1982; Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998
LibyaPresentNHM, 1959
MoroccoPresentNakahara, 1982
TunisiaPresentNakahara, 1982

NORTH AMERICA

MexicoPresentMiller, 1996; Nakahara, 1982
USA
-CaliforniaPresentGill, 1997
-ConnecticutPresentNakahara, 1982
-MarylandPresentNakahara, 1982
-MontanaPresentNakahara, 1982
-New YorkPresentNakahara, 1982
-OklahomaPresentNakahara, 1982
-Rhode IslandPresentNakahara, 1982

SOUTH AMERICA

ArgentinaRestricted distributionClaps et al., 2001
ChilePresentClaps et al., 2001
UruguayPresentNakahara, 1982

EUROPE

AlbaniaPresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998
AustriaPresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998
BelgiumPresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998
BulgariaPresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998
CroatiaPresentMilek & ?imala, 2008
Czech RepublicPresentHolman, 2002
Czechoslovakia (former)PresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998; Amparo Blay Golcoechea, 1993
FrancePresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998; Foldi, 2001
GermanyPresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998
HungaryPresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998; Ripka, 1999
ItalyPresentLongo et al., 1995; Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998
MaltaPresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998
NetherlandsPresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998
NorwayPresentGertsson, 2001
PolandPresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998
PortugalPresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998
-AzoresPresentNakahara, 1982
-MadeiraPresentNakahara, 1982
RomaniaPresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998
Russian Federation
-Southern RussiaPresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998
SerbiaPresentGraora et al., 2009
SpainWidespreadAmparo Blay Golcoechea, 1993
SwitzerlandPresentKozár et al., 1994; Kozár & Hippe, 1996
Yugoslavia (former)PresentDanzig & Pellizzari, 1998

Host plants/Plants Affected

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Plant nameFamilyContext
Aesculus (buckeye)HippocastanaceaeOther
Berberis (barberries)BerberidaceaeOther
Cornus (Dogwood)CornaceaeOther
Crataegus (hawthorns)RosaceaeWild host
Cydonia (quince)RosaceaeOther
GleditsiaFabaceaeOther
Juglans regia (walnut)JuglandaceaeMain
Malus domestica (apple)RosaceaeMain
Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tree)RosaceaeMain
Mespilus (medlar)RosaceaeOther
Olea (olive)OleaceaeOther
Olea europaea subsp. europaea (European olive)OleaceaeOther
PhotiniaRosaceaeOther
Prunus (stone fruit)RosaceaeMain
Prunus americana (American plum)RosaceaeMain
Prunus avium (sweet cherry)RosaceaeMain
Prunus domestica (plum)RosaceaeMain
Prunus persica (peach)RosaceaeMain
Prunus salicina (Japanese plum)RosaceaeOther
Pyrus (pears)RosaceaeMain
Pyrus communis (European pear)RosaceaeMain
Ribes (currants)GrossulariaceaeOther

Growth Stages

Top of pageFlowering stage, Fruiting stage, Vegetative growing stage

List of Symptoms

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SignLife StagesType

Fruit

reduced size

Stems

distortion
external feeding

Whole plant

external feeding

Natural Enemies

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Natural enemyTypeLife stagesSpecificityReferencesBiological control inBiological control on
Aphytis maculicornisParasite
Aphytis mytilaspidisParasiteAdults/Larvae
Aphytis proclia
Chilocorus bipustulatusPredator
Chilocorus renipustulatusPredator
Diaspiniphagus moerisParasite
Encarsia gigasParasite
Encarsia perniciosiParasite
Exochomus quadripustulatusPredator
Hemisarcoptes malusPredatorAdults/Eggs/Larvae
Pteroptrix dimidiataParasite

Plant Trade

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Plant parts liable to carry the pest in trade/transportPest stagesBorne internallyBorne externallyVisibility of pest or symptoms
Barkadults; larvaeNoYesPest or symptoms not visible to the naked eye but usually visible under light microscope
Flowers, Inflorescences, Cones, CalyxlarvaeNoYesPest or symptoms not visible to the naked eye but usually visible under light microscope
Fruits (inc. pods)larvaeNoYesPest or symptoms not visible to the naked eye but usually visible under light microscope
LeaveslarvaeNoYesPest or symptoms not visible to the naked eye but usually visible under light microscope
Stems (above ground), Shoots, Trunks, Branchesadults; larvaeNoYesPest or symptoms not visible to the naked eye but usually visible under light microscope
Plant parts not known to carry the pest in trade/transport
Bulbs, Tubers, Corms, Rhizomes
Growing medium accompanying plants
Roots
Seedlings, Micropropagated plants
True seeds (inc. grain)
Wood

References

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Abdel-Kareim AI, Kozar F, 1988. Extraction and bioassay of the sex pheromone of the red pear scale, Epidiaspis leperii. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 46(1):79-84

Aleksidze G, 1995. Armored scale insects (Diaspididae), pests of fruit orchards and their control in the Republic of Georgia. Israel Journal of Entomology, 29:187-190; 9 ref.

Amparo Blay Golcoechea M, 1993. La familia Diaspididae Targioni-Tozzetti, 1868 de Espa±a peninsular y Baleares (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea). PhD thesis. Madrid, Spain: Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

Argyriou LC, 1990. Olive. In: Rosen D, ed. Armoured Scale Insects, their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Vol. 4B. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 579-583.

Bassi R, 1994. The principal adversities of plum. Vita in Campagna, 12(12):33-35

Bianchi H, BTnassy C, 1979. The red pear scale, Epidiaspis leperii Sign. (Homoptera, Coccoidea) a pest of plum in France. Annales de Zoologie, Ecologie Animale, 11(3):493-511

Borchsenius NS, 1966. A Catalogue of the Armoured Scale Insects (Diaspidoidea) of the World. (In Russian). Leningrad, Russia: Akademii Nauk SSR Zoologicheskogo Instituta, 449 pp.

Burger HC, Ulenberg SA, 1990. Quarantine problems and procedures. In: Rosen D, ed. Armoured Scale Insects, their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Vol. 4B. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 313-327.

Claps LE, Wolff VRS, González RH, 2001. Catálogo de las Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) exóticas de la Argentina, Brasil y Chile. Revista de la Socieded Entomológica Argentina, 60:9-34.

Danzig EM, 1972. Coccoidea - scale insects. In: Insects and Ticks. Pests of the forest. Leningrad, Russia: Akademii Nauk (SSR) Zoologicheskogo Instituta, 189-221 (in Russian).

Danzig EM, Pellizzari G, 1998. Diaspididae. In: Kozßr F, ed. Catalogue of Palaearctic Coccoidea. Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Budapest, Hungary: Akaprint Nyomdaipari Kft., 172-370.

El-Kareim AIA, Darvas B, Kozar F, 1988. Effects of the juvenoids fenoxycarb, hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene on first instar larvae of Epidiaspis leperii Sign. (Hom., Diaspididae) and on its ectoparasitoid, Aphytis mytilaspidis (Le Baron) (Hym., Aphelinidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 106(3):270-275

El-Kareim AIA, Darvas B, Kozar F, 1989. Effects of juvenoids on prediapause and postdiapause females of Epidiaspis leperii Sign. (Hom., Diaspididae). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 24(3-4):473-482

Foldi I, 2001. Liste des cochenilles de France (Hemiptera, Coccoidea). Bulletin de la SociTtT entomologique de France 106:303-308.

Geier W, 1949. Contribution a l'Ttude de la cochenille rouge de poirier (Epidiaspis leperii Sign.) en Suisse. Revue de Pathologie VTgTtale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France 28:177-262.

Gertsson CA, 2001. An annotated checklist of the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of Sweden. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 122(3):123-130; many ref.

Gill RJ, 1997. The scale insects of California. Part 3. The armoured scales (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Technical Series in Agricultural Biosystematics and Plant Pathology, No 3. Sacramento, USA: Department of Food and Agriculture.

Graora D, Spasic R, Vucetic A, 2009. Parasitoids and predators of armored scales in some orchards in Serbia. (Parazitoidi i predatori ?titastih va?iju iz familije Diaspididae u nekim vocnjacima u Srbiji.) Pesticidi i Fitomedicina, 24(4):295-301.

Greathead DJ, 1990. Crawler behaviour and dispersal. 1.4.3. In: Rosen D, ed. Armoured Scales, their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. World Crop Pests, Volume 4A. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 305-308.

Holman J, 2002. The natural enemies of San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock) from the order Hymenoptera in the Czech Republic. (Prirození neprátelé ?títenky zhoubné (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock) z rádu blanokrídlých (Hymenoptera) v Ceské Republice.) Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 50(3):41-54.

Konstantinova GM, 1976. Coccids - pests of apple. Zashchita Rastenii, 12:49-50.

Kosztarab M, 1990. 3.1.2 Economic importance. In: Rosen D (Ed.), Armoured scale insects, their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. 4B. World Crop Pests. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier, 307-311.

Kosztarab M, 1996. Scale Insects of North Eastern North America: identification, biology, and distribution. Martinsville, USA: Virginia Museum of Natural History, 650 pp.

Kosztarab M, Kozar F, 1988. Scale insects of Central Europe. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 455 pp.

Kozár F, Guignard E, Bachmann F, Mani E, Hippe C, 1994. The scale insect and whitefly species of Switzerland (Homoptera: Coccoidea and Aleyrodoidea). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 67(1-2):151-161; 24 ref.

Kozár F, Konstantinova GM, Akman K, Altay M, Kiroglu H, 1979. Distribution and density of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) on fruit plants in Turkey in 1976 (Survey of scale insect (Homoptera: Coccoidea) infestations in European orchards No. 11). Acta Phytopathologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 14(3/4):535-542

Kozár F, Viktorin RA, 1978. Survey of scale insect (Homoptera: Coccoidea) infestations in European orchards. Changes in the scale infestation levels in Hungarian orchards between 1971 and 1976. Acta Phytopathologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 13(3/4):391-402

Kozßr F, 1990. Deciduous fruit trees. In: Rosen D, ed. Armored Scale Insects their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Vol. 4B. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 593-602.

Kozßr F, Hippe C, 1996. A new species from the genus Greenisca Borchsenius, 1948 and additional data on the occurrence of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) in Switzerland. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 62:91-96; 13 ref.

Kozßr F, Jasnosh VA, Konstantinova GM, 1982. Comparative evaluation of the distribution of scale-insects (Hom. Coccoidea) and their parasites in Georgia (USSR) and in Turkey. Survey of scale insect (Homoptera Coccoidea) infestations in European orchards, No. VI. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie, 93(4):333-338

Kozßr F, Koncz-Benedicty Z, 1996. New data on the swarming of San JosT scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock, 1881), Homoptera: Coccoidea) males and scale parasitoids. No^umlaut~ve^acute~nyve^acute~delem, 32(10):499-506; 33 ref.

Longo S, Marotta S, Pellizzari G, Russo A, Tranfaglia A, 1995. An annotated list of the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccidea) of Italy. Israel Journal of Entomology, 29:113-130.

Milek TM, ?imala M, 2008. Results of four-year investigation (2005-2008) of scale insects genus Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) on olive trees. (Rezultati cetverogodi?njeg faunistickog istrazivanja (2005.-2008.) ?titastih u?i porodice diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) na maslini.) Glasilo Biljne Za?tite, 8(6):379-386.

Miller DR, 1996. Checklist of the scale insects (Coccoidea: Homoptera) of Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 98(1):68-86; 33 ref.

Nakahara S, 1982. Checklist of the Armored Scales (Homoptera: Diapididae) of the Conterminous United States. Washington, USA: USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, 110 pp.

Ripka G, 1999. Arthropod pests of ornamental trees and shrubs: scale insects, aphids, mites. Novenyvedelem, 35(12):623-626 (in Hungarian).

Trenchev G, Pavlov A, 1981. Hemisarcoptes malus Shimer - a predatory mite on Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Gradinarska i Lozarska Nauka, 18(2):35-37

Distribution Maps

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Distribution map Albania: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Argentina: Restricted distribution
Claps et al., 2001Austria: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Belgium: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Bulgaria: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Switzerland: PresentChile: Present
Claps et al., 2001Czechoslovakia (former): Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Czech Republic: Present
Holman, 2002Germany: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Algeria: Present
Nakahara, 1982; Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Algeria: Present
Nakahara, 1982; Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Spain: WidespreadSpain: WidespreadFrance: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998; Foldi, 2001Georgia (Republic of): Present
Aleksidze, 1995Georgia (Republic of): Present
Aleksidze, 1995Croatia: Present
Milek & ?imala, 2008Hungary: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998; Ripka, 1999Iran: Present
Nakahara, 1982; Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Iran: Present
Nakahara, 1982; Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Iran: Present
Nakahara, 1982; Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Italy: Present
Longo et al., 1995; Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Libya: PresentMorocco: Present
Nakahara, 1982Morocco: Present
Nakahara, 1982Malta: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Malta: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Mexico: Present
Miller, 1996; Nakahara, 1982Mexico: Present
Miller, 1996; Nakahara, 1982Netherlands: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Norway: PresentPoland: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Portugal: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Portugal
See regional map for distribution within the countryPortugal
See regional map for distribution within the countryPortugal
See regional map for distribution within the countryRomania: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Serbia: Present
Graora et al., 2009Russian Federation
See regional map for distribution within the countryTunisia: Present
Nakahara, 1982Tunisia: Present
Nakahara, 1982Turkey: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Turkey: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Turkey: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998USA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUruguay: Present
Nakahara, 1982Yugoslavia (former): Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998
  • = Present, no further details
  • = Evidence of pathogen
  • = Widespread
  • = Last reported
  • = Localised
  • = Presence unconfirmed
  • = Confined and subject to quarantine
  • = See regional map for distribution within the country
  • = Occasional or few reports
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Distribution map (asia) Georgia (Republic of): Present
Aleksidze, 1995Iran: Present
Nakahara, 1982; Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Turkey: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998
Distribution map (europe) Albania: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Austria: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Belgium: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Bulgaria: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Switzerland: PresentCzechoslovakia (former): Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Czech Republic: Present
Holman, 2002Germany: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Algeria: Present
Nakahara, 1982; Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Spain: WidespreadFrance: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998; Foldi, 2001Georgia (Republic of): Present
Aleksidze, 1995Croatia: Present
Milek & ?imala, 2008Hungary: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998; Ripka, 1999Iran: Present
Nakahara, 1982; Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Italy: Present
Longo et al., 1995; Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Morocco: Present
Nakahara, 1982Malta: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Netherlands: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Norway: PresentPoland: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Portugal: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Azores: Present
Nakahara, 1982Madeira: Present
Nakahara, 1982Romania: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Serbia: Present
Graora et al., 2009Southern Russia: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Tunisia: Present
Nakahara, 1982Turkey: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Yugoslavia (former): Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998
Distribution map (africa) Algeria: Present
Nakahara, 1982; Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Spain: WidespreadIran: Present
Nakahara, 1982; Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Libya: PresentMorocco: Present
Nakahara, 1982Malta: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998Madeira: Present
Nakahara, 1982Tunisia: Present
Nakahara, 1982Turkey: Present
Danzig & Pellizzari, 1998
Distribution map (north america) Mexico: Present
Miller, 1996; Nakahara, 1982California: Present
Gill, 1997Connecticut: Present
Nakahara, 1982Maryland: Present
Nakahara, 1982Montana: Present
Nakahara, 1982New York: Present
Nakahara, 1982Oklahoma: Present
Nakahara, 1982Rhode Island: Present
Nakahara, 1982
Distribution map (central america) Mexico: Present
Miller, 1996; Nakahara, 1982
Distribution map (south america) Argentina: Restricted distribution
Claps et al., 2001Chile: Present
Claps et al., 2001Uruguay: Present
Nakahara, 1982
Distribution map (pacific)