Ceroplastes rusci (fig wax scale)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Adults Caption Adults on fig stem. Copyright U. Aksoy	Adults	Adults on fig stem.	U. Aksoy
Title C. rusci on fig leaves Caption C. rusci located mainly on veins. Copyright U. Aksoy	C. rusci on fig leaves	C. rusci located mainly on veins.	U. Aksoy
Title Wax scales Caption Fig wax scales on citrus leaf. Copyright NOVARTIS Crop Protection AG, Basel Switzerland	Wax scales	Fig wax scales on citrus leaf.	NOVARTIS Crop Protection AG, Basel Switzerland

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus, 1758)

Preferred Common Name

• fig wax scale

Other Scientific Names

• Calypticus hydatis (Costa) Signoret, 1869
• Calypticus radiatus Costa, 1829
• Calypticus testudineus Costa, 1829
• Ceroplastes denudatus Cockerell, 1893
• Ceroplastes nerii Newstead, 1897
• Ceroplastes tenuitectus Green, 1907
• Chermes caricae (Barnard) Boisduval, 1867
• Coccus artemisiae Rossi, 1794
• Coccus caricae Bernard; Fernald, 1903
• Coccus caricae Fabricius, 1794
• Coccus hydatis Costa, 1829
• Coccus rusci Linnaeus, 1758
• Columnea caricae (Fabricius) Targioni Tozzetti, 1867
• Columnea testudinata Targioni Tozzetti; Targioni Tozzetti, 1868
• Columnea testudiniformis Targioni Tozzetti; Targioni Tozzetti, 1866
• Lecanium artemisiae (Rossi) Signoret, 1872
• Lecanium radiatum (Costa) Walker, 1852
• Lecanium rusci (Linnaeus) Walker, 1852
• Lecanium testudineum (Costa) Walker, 1852

International Common Names

• English: fig scale
• Spanish: cappareta de la higuera; cochinilla de la higuera
• French: ceroplaste du figuier; cochenille du figuier; kermes du figuier

Local Common Names

• Germany: Feigen-schildlaus; Feigen-wachsschildlaus; Schildlaus, Feigen-; Wachsschildlaus, Feigen-
• Italy: ceroplaste del fico; cocciniglia del fico

EPPO code

• CERPRU (Ceroplastes rusci)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Metazoa
•         Phylum: Arthropoda
•             Subphylum: Uniramia
•                 Class: Insecta
•                     Order: Hemiptera
•                         Suborder: Sternorrhyncha
•                             Superfamily: Coccoidea
•                                 Family: Coccidae
•                                     Genus: Ceroplastes
•                                         Species: Ceroplastes rusci

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Host plants/Plants Affected

Growth Stages

List of Symptoms

Natural Enemies

References

abanowski G, 2009. Pests of ornamental plants introduced to Polish glasshouses. (Szkodniki roslin ozdobnych zawlekane do Polskich szklarni.) Progress in Plant Protection, 49(4):1714-1723. http://www.progress.plantprotection.pl/pliki/2009/49-4-35.pdf

Anonymous, 1980. List of pests, plant diseases and weeds for the control of which quarantine measures exist. Zashchita Rastenii, 11:20-21.

Balachowsky AS, 1933. Sur la biologie de 'Ceroplastes floridensis' Comst. et sur la repartition géographique des Ceroplastes dans la region palearctique (Hem. Coccidae). Proceedings 5e Congres International d'Entomologie (Paris 1932), 5:79-87.

Bénassy C, Franco E, 1974. On the ecology of Ceroplastes rusci L. (Homoptera, Lecanoidae) in the Alpes-Maritimes. Annales de Zoologie, Ecologie Animale, 6(1):11-39

Ben-Dov Y, 1970. The wax scales of the genus Ceroplastes Gray (Homoptera: Coccidae) and their parasites in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 5:83-92.

Ben-Dov Y, 1988. The scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of citrus in Israel: diversity and pest status. Proceedings of the Sixth International Citrus Congress. Tel Aviv, Israel, March 6-11, 1988: 1075-1082.

Ben-Dov Y, 1993. A systematic catalogue of the soft scale insects of the world (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) with data on geographical distribution, host plants, biology and economic importance. Gainesville, USA: Sandhill Crane Press, Inc., 536 pp.

Benfatto D, 1982. Studies on the chemical control of pests of citrus: Ceroplastes rusci L. (Hemiptera, Coccidae). Annali dell'Istituto Sperimentale per l'Agrumicoltura, 15/16:121-126

Bodenheimer FS, 1951. Citrus Entomology in the Middle East. The Hague, Netherlands: Dr WJ Junk & S Gravenhage.

Boratynski KL, Williams DJ, 1964. Coccoidea. In: Kloet GS, Hinks WD, eds. Checklist of British Insects. 2nd ed. Handbook for the Identification of British Insects, 11:87-94.

Borchsenius NS, 1957. Subtribe mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Soft scale insects Coccidae. Vol. IX. (In Russian). Fauna SSSR. Zoologicheskii Institut Academii Nauk SSSR NS, 66:1-493.

Diab N, Asslan L, Basheer AM, 2014. Parasitoids of the soft scale insects (Homoptera: Coccidae) in fruit orchards at al Qunaetera, Syria. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 24(2):341-346. http://www.esbcp.org/index.asp

EPPO, 2014. PQR database. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm

Ezzat YM, Hussein NA, 1969. Redescription and classification of the family Coccidae in UAR. (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte, 51:359-426.

Fazeli MJ, Farzneh A, 1993. Biology of Ceroplastes rusci L. on figs in Fars province. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 60(1&2):ar 13-17, 3-4

Green EE, 1917. Observations on British Coccidae: With descriptions of new species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 53:201-210, 260-269.

Hamon AB, Mason GJ, 1997. Fig wax scale, Ceroplastes rusci (L.), in Florida (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Entomology Circular (Gainesville), No. 380:2 pp.; 6 ref.

Hodgson CJ, 1994. The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 639 pp.

IIE, 1993. Distribution Maps of Pests, Series A No. 373 (1st revision). Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

Kfir R, Rosen D, 1980. Parasites of soft scales (Homoptera: Coccidae) in Israel: an annotated list. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 43(1):113-128

Muniappan R, Watson GW, Vaughan L, Gilbertson R, Noussourou M, 2012. New records of mealybugs, scale insects, and whiteflies (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) from Mali and Senegal. Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology, 28(1):1-7. http://scentsoc.org/Volumes/JAUE/28/28001.pdf

Nga Thi Vu, Eastwood R, Chat Thi Nguyen, Lam Van Pham, 2006. The fig wax scale Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus) (Homoptera: Coccidae) in south-east Vietnam: pest status, life history and biocontrol trials with Eublemma amabilis Moore (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Entomological Research, 36(4):196-201. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/enr

Onder EP, Soydanbay M, 1984. Investigations on methods of the chemical control of the wax scale (Ceroplastes rusci L.) damaging fig trees in the pgean Region. Bitki Koruma Bulteni, 24(4):200-212

Onder EP, Ulu O, Zumreoglu A, Saltabas N, 1985. Investigations on methods of chemical control of the fig wax scale (Ceroplastes rusci L.) causing damage on citrus trees in the pgean region. Turkiye Bitki Koruma Dergisi, 9(4):247-253

Pellizzari G, Camporese P, 1994. The Ceroplastes species (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of the Mediterranean Basin with emphasis on C. japonicus Green. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 30(2):175-192

Ragab ME, 1995. Efficiency of Scutellista cyanea Motsch. (Hym., Pteromalidae) and Tetrastichus ceroplastae (Gir.) (Hym., Eulophidae) in population suppression of Ceroplastes rusci L. (Hom., Coccidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 119(9):627-630; 19 ref.

Scaltriti GPellizzari, Antonucci A, 1982. Notes on some insects injurious to Actinidia crops. (Note su alcuni insetti dannosi a colture di Actinidia.) Informatore Fitopatologico, 32(3):47-48.

Schotman CYL, 1989. Plant pests of quarantine importance to the Caribbean. RLAC-PROVEG, No. 21:80 pp.

Shabana YM, Ragab ME, 1997. Alternaria infectoria, a promising biological control agent for the fig wax scale, Ceroplastes rusci (Homoptera: Coccidae), in Egypt. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 7(4):553-564; 27 ref.

Sisman S, Ülgentürk S, 2010. Scale insects species (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 34(2):219-224. http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/

Williams DJ, Watson GW, 1990. The scale insects of the tropical South Pacific region. Part 3: the soft scales (Coccidae) and other families. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 267 pp.

Distribution Maps

• = Present, no further details
• = Evidence of pathogen
• = Widespread
• = Last reported
• = Localised
• = Presence unconfirmed
• = Confined and subject to quarantine
• = See regional map for distribution within the country
• = Occasional or few reports

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