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Datasheet

Ceroplastes japonicus (tortoise wax scale)

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 30 November 2015
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Pest
  • Natural Enemy
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Ceroplastes japonicus
  • Preferred Common Name
  • tortoise wax scale
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Metazoa
  •         Phylum: Arthropoda
  •             Subphylum: Uniramia
  •                 Class: Insecta
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    Compendia
    CAB International
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    OX10 8DE
    UK
    compend@cabi.org
  • Distribution mapMore information

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Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

  • Ceroplastes japonicus Green, 1921

Preferred Common Name

  • tortoise wax scale

Other Scientific Names

  • Ceroplastes floridensis japonicus Green, 1921
  • Ceroplastes japonicus (Green) Borchsenius, 1949
  • Cerostegia japonicus (Green) De Lotto, 1969
  • Paracerostegia japonica (Green) Tang, 1991

International Common Names

  • English: Japanese wax scale; wax scale, Japanese; wax scale, tortoise
  • French: ceroplaste japonais

Local Common Names

  • Japan: kamenoko-romusi

EPPO code

  • CERPJA (Ceroplastes japonicus)

Taxonomic Tree

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  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Metazoa
  •         Phylum: Arthropoda
  •             Subphylum: Uniramia
  •                 Class: Insecta
  •                     Order: Hemiptera
  •                         Suborder: Sternorrhyncha
  •                             Superfamily: Coccoidea
  •                                 Family: Coccidae
  •                                     Genus: Ceroplastes
  •                                         Species: Ceroplastes japonicus

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

CountryDistributionLast ReportedOriginFirst ReportedInvasiveReferencesNotes

ASIA

ArmeniaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
AzerbaijanPresentCABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
ChinaPresentBen-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
-HebeiPresentTang, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
-HenanPresentTang, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
-HubeiPresentTang, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
-HunanPresentCABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
-JiangsuPresentCABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
-ShaanxiPresentTang, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
-ShanxiPresentTang, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
-SichuanPresentMa & Bai, 2004
-ZhejiangPresentLuo et al., 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
Georgia (Republic of)PresentDekanoidze, 1971; Pellizzari & Camporese, 1994; Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
JapanPresentBen-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
-HonshuWidespreadPellizzari & Camporese, 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
-KyushuWidespreadPellizzari & Camporese, 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
-Ryukyu ArchipelagoWidespreadPellizzari & Camporese, 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
-ShikokuWidespreadPellizzari & Camporese, 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
Korea, Republic ofWidespreadPellizzari & Camporese, 1994; Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
NepalPresentCABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014; NHM, 1959
TurkeyPresentÜlgentürk et al., 2008; EPPO, 2014

EUROPE

CroatiaPresentEPPO, 2014; Milek & ?imala, 2008; Masten-Milek et al., 2007
FranceRestricted distributionPellizzari & Camporese, 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
GermanyPresentSchönfeld, 2015Brandenburg
HungaryPresentKlupács & Volent, 2012; EPPO, 2014
ItalyWidespreadPellizzari & Camporese, 1994; Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
Russian FederationPresentCABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
-Southern RussiaPresentBen-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
SloveniaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014
UKAbsent, formerly presentCABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014

Host plants/Plants Affected

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Plant nameFamilyContext
Acer japonicum (full-moon maple)AceraceaeOther
Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore)AceraceaeOther
Camellia japonica (camellia)TheaceaeOther
Camellia sinensis (tea)TheaceaeMain
CitrusRutaceaeMain
Citrus deliciosa (mediterranean mandarin)RutaceaeMain
Citrus reticulata (mandarin)RutaceaeMain
Cleyera japonicaTheaceaeOther
Cornus mas (cornelian cherry)CornaceaeOther
Cycas revoluta (sago cycas)CycadaceaeOther
Cydonia oblonga (quince)RosaceaeOther
Diospyros kaki (persimmon)EbenaceaeMain
Ehretia acuminataBoraginaceaeOther
Elaeagnus pungens (thorny olive)ElaeagnaceaeOther
Elaeocarpus decipiensElaeocarpaceaeOther
Eriobotrya japonica (loquat)RosaceaeOther
Euonymus japonicus (japanese spindle)CelastraceaeOther
Fatsia japonica (Japanese aralia)AraliaceaeOther
Feijoa sellowiana (Horn of plenty)MyrtaceaeOther
Hedera helix (ivy)AraliaceaeMain
Ilex aquifolium (holly)AquifoliaceaeMain
Ilex integra (mochi)AquifoliaceaeOther
Jasminum (jasmine)OleaceaeMain
Laurus nobilis (sweet bay)LauraceaeMain
Magnolia grandiflora (Southern magnolia)MagnoliaceaeOther
Malus (ornamental species apple)RosaceaeOther
Mangifera indica (mango)AnacardiaceaeOther
Morus (mulberrytree)MoraceaeOther
Myrtus communis (myrtle)MyrtaceaeOther
Nerium oleander (oleander)ApocynaceaeOther
Persea thunbergiiLauraceaeOther
Pittosporum tobira (Japanese pittosporum)PittosporaceaeOther
Platanus orientalis (plane)PlatanaceaeOther
Podocarpus nagiPodocarpaceaeOther
Poncirus trifoliata (Trifoliate orange)RutaceaeMain
Prunus (stone fruit)RosaceaeMain
Prunus avium (sweet cherry)RosaceaeOther
Prunus laurocerasus (cherry laurel)RosaceaeOther
Prunus mume (Japanese apricot tree)RosaceaeOther
Prunus persica (peach)RosaceaeOther
Prunus yedoensisRosaceaeOther
Pyracantha coccinea (Scarlet firethorn)RosaceaeOther
Pyrus communis (European pear)RosaceaeOther
Pyrus pyrifolia (Oriental pear tree)RosaceaeOther
Salix (willows)SalicaceaeOther
Trachelospermum asiaticumApocynaceaeOther
Ulmus minor (European field elm)UlmaceaeOther
Ziziphus jujuba (common jujube)RhamnaceaeMain

Growth Stages

Top of pageFlowering stage, Fruiting stage, Pre-emergence, Seedling stage, Vegetative growing stage

List of Symptoms

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SignLife StagesType

Fruit

discoloration
external feeding
honeydew or sooty mould

Growing point

discoloration
external feeding

Leaves

external feeding
honeydew or sooty mould

Stems

external feeding
honeydew or sooty mould

Whole plant

external feeding

Natural Enemies

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Natural enemyTypeLife stagesSpecificityReferencesBiological control inBiological control on
Anicetus beneficusParasiteAdults/Nymphs
Anicetus ohgushiiParasite
Chilocorus kuwanaePredatorAdults/Nymphs
Chilocorus renipustulatusPredatorAdults/Nymphs
Coccophagus lycimniaParasiteAdults/Nymphs
Coccophagus yoshidaeParasiteAdults/Nymphs
Fusarium oxysporumPathogenAdults/Nymphs
Fusarium pallidoroseumPathogenAdults/Nymphs
Gibberella baccataPathogenAdults/Nymphs
Gibberella fujikuroi var. intermediumPathogenAdults/Nymphs
Gibberella sacchariPathogenAdults/Nymphs
Mallada boninensisPredatorAdults/Nymphs
Microterys clauseniParasiteAdults/NymphsRepublic of Georgia; USSRmulberries; Salix; trees
Rhyzobius lophanthaePredatorAdults/Nymphs
Scutellista caeruleaParasiteRepublic of Georgia
Tetrastichus murakamiiParasite

References

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Ben-Dov Y, 1993. A systematic catalogue of the soft scale insects of the world (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) with data on geographical distribution, host plants, biology and economic importance. Gainesville, USA: Sandhill Crane Press, Inc., 536 pp.

Boratynski KL, Williams DJ, 1964. Coccoidea. In: Kloet GS, Hinks WD, eds. Checklist of British Insects. 2nd ed. Handbook for the Identification of British Insects, 11:87-94.

Borchsenius NS, 1949. Identification of the Soft and Armoured Scale Insects of Armenia. Everan, SSR: Akademiya Nauk Armiyanskoy SSR.

Borchsenius NS, 1957. Subtribe mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Soft scale insects Coccidae. Vol. IX. (In Russian). Fauna SSSR. Zoologicheskii Institut Academii Nauk SSSR NS, 66:1-493.

CABI/EPPO, 2003. Ceroplastes japonicus. Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No. 645. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

Camporese P, Pellizzari G, 1994. Description of the immature stages of Ceroplates japonicus Green (Homoptera Coccoidea). Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura, 26(1):49-58; 11 ref.

Darvas B, El-Kareim AIA, Camporese P, Farag AI, Matolcsy G, Ujvary I, 1994. Effect of some new proinsecticide type fenoxycarb derivatives and related compounds on some scale insects and their hymenopterous parasitoids. Journal of Applied Entomology, 118(1):51-58

Dekanoidze GI, 1971. The Japanese wax scale on mulberry. Zashchita Rastenii, 16(12):43-44

EPPO, 2014. PQR database. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm

Green EE, 1921. Observations on British Coccidae: with descriptions of new species. VII Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 57:257-259.

Jiang H, Gu HG, 1988. The bionomics of Ceroplastes japonicus Green and its parasitoids. Insect Knowledge, 25(3):154

Klupács H, Volent Â, 2012. Occurrence of Ceroplastes japonicus (Coccidae) green in Hungary. (A Ceroplastes japonicus (Coccidea) pajzstetudouble acute~ elodouble acute~fordulása magyarországon.) Növényvédelem, 48(3):121-122.

Kravchenko MA, 1985. Microterys against the Japanese wax scale. Zashchita Rastenii, Moscow, No. 9:33

Kravchenko MA, 1991. Acclimatization of the encyrtid Microterys clauseni Compere (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) - a new parasitoid of the Japanese wax scale Ceroplastes japonicus Green in the USSR. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 70(2):355-360

Longo S, 1985. Morphological and bio-ethological observations on Ceroplastes japonicus Green (Homoptera: Coccidae) in Italy. Atti XIV Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia sotto gli auspici dell'Accademia Nazionale Italiana di Entomologia, della Societa Entomologica Italiana e della International Union of Biological Sciences. Palermo - Erice - Bagheria, 28 maggio-1 giugno 1985 Palermo, Italy; Accademia Nazionale Italiana di Entomologia, 185-192

Luo CF, Wu HX, Fang WR, He DB, He HF, Ding JL, 1994. Control of Ceroplastes japonicus by spreading insecticide on twigs and branches of jujube trees. Plant Protection, 20(4):32-33

Ma Jian Le, Bai HaiYan, 2004. The main pests in the pomegranate producing areas of Sichuan province and their integrated control. South China Fruits, 33(5):70-71.

Masten-Milek T, Seljak G, Simala M, 2007. Ceroplastes japonicus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) as new pest in Croatia and its distribution. In: Zbornik predavanj in referatov, 8. Slovenskega postvetovanja o varstvu Rastlin, Radenci, Slovenija, 6-7 Marec, 2007 [ed. by Macek, J.]. Ljubljana, Slovenia: Plant Protection Society of Slovenia, 330-334.

Milek TM, ?imala M, 2008. Japanese wax scale Ceroplastes japonicus (Green, 1921) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Cocidae) - a new pest in Croatia. (Japanski medic Ceroplastes japonicus (Green, 1921) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) - novi ?tetnik u Hrvatskoj.) Glasilo Biljne Za?tite, 8(1):11-15.

Ohgushi R, Nishino T, 1975. Comparative studies on the population dynamics of wax scales belonging to the genus Ceroplastes. 1. Survivorship curves and life tables. Annual Report, Botanic Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Kanazawa, Japan, 7-8:1-21.

Park JD, Koo HY, Lee WG, 1992. Seasonal fluctuations of each stage, ovipositing and hatching behavior of Cerostegia japonicus Green (Homoptera: Coccidae) on persimmon trees. Research Reports of the Rural Development Administration, Crop Protection, 34(1):48-53

Pellizzari G, Camporese P, 1994. The Ceroplastes species (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of the Mediterranean Basin with emphasis on C. japonicus Green. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 30(2):175-192

Prokopenko AI, Mokrousova LA, 1981. Scutellista against the Japanese wax scale. Zashchita Rastenii, No. 12:43

Schönfeld U, 2015. Coccoidea species in Brandenburg. (Cocciden-arten in Brandenburg.) Journal für Kulturpflanzen, 67(10):337-341. http://www.journal-kulturpflanzen.de

Tang FT, 1984. Observation on the scale insects injurious to forestry of North China. I. Shanxi Agricultural University Press, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 2:122-133.

Ülgentürk S, Sahin Ö, Kaydan MB, 2008. Coccoidea (Hemiptera) species on park plants in urban areas of Istanbul province. (Istanbul ili yesil alan bitkilerinde bulunan Coccoidea (Hemiptera) türleri.) Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 48(1):1-18. http://www.ziraimucadele.gov.tr

Yang CC, Du CJ, Li XL, Zhang XZ, 1996. Studies on the estimation of egg number and ovipositing phase of Ceroplastes japonicus Green. Journal of Tea Science, 16:53-56.

Distribution Maps

Top of page
Distribution map Armenia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Armenia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Azerbaijan: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Azerbaijan: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014China: Present
Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014China: Present
Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014China
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryGermany: Present
Schönfeld, 2015France: Restricted distribution
Pellizzari & Camporese, 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Georgia (Republic of): Present
Dekanoidze, 1971; Pellizzari & Camporese, 1994; Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Georgia (Republic of): Present
Dekanoidze, 1971; Pellizzari & Camporese, 1994; Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Croatia: Present
EPPO, 2014; Milek & ?imala, 2008; Masten-Milek et al., 2007Hungary: Present
Klupács & Volent, 2012; EPPO, 2014Italy: Widespread
Pellizzari & Camporese, 1994; Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Japan: Present
Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Japan
See regional map for distribution within the countryJapan
See regional map for distribution within the countryJapan
See regional map for distribution within the countryJapan
See regional map for distribution within the countryKorea, Republic of: Widespread
Pellizzari & Camporese, 1994; Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Nepal: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Russian Federation: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Russian Federation: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Russian Federation
See regional map for distribution within the countrySlovenia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Turkey: Present
Ülgentürk et al., 2008; EPPO, 2014Turkey: Present
Ülgentürk et al., 2008; EPPO, 2014Turkey: Present
Ülgentürk et al., 2008; EPPO, 2014
  • = Present, no further details
  • = Evidence of pathogen
  • = Widespread
  • = Last reported
  • = Localised
  • = Presence unconfirmed
  • = Confined and subject to quarantine
  • = See regional map for distribution within the country
  • = Occasional or few reports
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Distribution map (asia) Armenia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Azerbaijan: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014China: Present
Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Hubei: Present
Tang, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Hebei: Present
Tang, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Henan: Present
Tang, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Hunan: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Jiangsu: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Sichuan: Present
Ma & Bai, 2004Shanxi: Present
Tang, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Shaanxi: Present
Tang, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Zhejiang: Present
Luo et al., 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Georgia (Republic of): Present
Dekanoidze, 1971; Pellizzari & Camporese, 1994; Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Japan: Present
Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Honshu: Widespread
Pellizzari & Camporese, 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Kyushu: Widespread
Pellizzari & Camporese, 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Ryukyu Archipelago: Widespread
Pellizzari & Camporese, 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Shikoku: Widespread
Pellizzari & Camporese, 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Korea, Republic of: Widespread
Pellizzari & Camporese, 1994; Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Nepal: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Russian Federation: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Turkey: Present
Ülgentürk et al., 2008; EPPO, 2014
Distribution map (europe) Armenia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Azerbaijan: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Germany: Present
Schönfeld, 2015France: Restricted distribution
Pellizzari & Camporese, 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Georgia (Republic of): Present
Dekanoidze, 1971; Pellizzari & Camporese, 1994; Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Croatia: Present
EPPO, 2014; Milek & ?imala, 2008; Masten-Milek et al., 2007Hungary: Present
Klupács & Volent, 2012; EPPO, 2014Italy: Widespread
Pellizzari & Camporese, 1994; Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Russian Federation: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Southern Russia: Present
Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Slovenia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014Turkey: Present
Ülgentürk et al., 2008; EPPO, 2014
Distribution map (africa) Turkey: Present
Ülgentürk et al., 2008; EPPO, 2014
Distribution map (north america)
Distribution map (central america)
Distribution map (south america)
Distribution map (pacific) China: Present
Ben-Dov, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014