Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei Nunan et al., 2013

Other Scientific Names

• Hepatobacter penaei
• Hepatobacterium penaei

International Common Names

• English: necrotising hepatobacterium; Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacterium

English acronym

• NHPB

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Bacteria
•     Phylum: Proteobacteria
•         Class: Alphaproteobacteria
•             Order: Rickettsiales
•                 Species: Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei

Disease/s Table

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Pathogen Characteristics

Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacterium (NHPB) is a pleomorphic, rickettsia-like obligate intracellular pathogen of Litopenaeus vannamei, the whiteleg shrimp, that cannot be cultivated in cell-free media (Loy et al., 1996). The geographic range is limited to the Western Hemisphere (Lightner et al., 2012). The Gram-negative organism is motile by means of eight flagella located at the basal apex. The bacteria present two morphological variants consisting of a rod-shaped organism (0.25 by 0.9 μm) and a helical form (0.25 by 2 to 3.5 μm). Phylogenetic analysis, inferred from 16S rRNA and gyrase B gene sequences, places this bacterium within the order Rickettsiales. The proposed classification of NHPB is “Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei” (Nunan et al., 2013).

References

Aranguren LF, Briñez B, Aragón L, Platz C, Caraballo X, Suarez A, Salazar M, 2006. Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (NHP) infected Penaeus vannamei female broodstock: effect on reproductive parameters, nauplii and larvae quality. Aquaculture, 258(1/4):337-343. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00448486

Frelier PF, Sis RF, Bell TA, Lewis DH, 1992. Microscopic and ultrastructural studies of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) cultured in Texas. Veterinary Pathology, 29(4):269-277.

Gomes GB, Domingos JAS, Oliveira KKC, Mendes Pde P, Silva VAda, Mendes ES, 2010. Diagnosis of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, through wet mount, histopathology and PCR techniques. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 41(5):816-822. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00424.x/full

Guevara M, Alfaro R, 2012. Pathogen introduced to Peru by trade in postlarvae of Litopenaeus vannamei. (Patógenos introducidos al Perú en post larvas de Litopenaeus vannamei importadas.) Revista Peruana de Biología, 19(2):181-186. http://revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/rpb/article/view/838/668

Ibarra-Gámez JC, Galavíz-Silva L, Molina-Garza ZJ, 2007. Distribution of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacterium (NHPB) in cultured white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, from Mexico. Ciencias Marinas, 33(1):1-9.

Lightner DV, Redman RM, Bonami JR, 1992. Morphological evidence for a single bacterial etiology in Texas necrotizing hepatopancreatitis in Penaeus vannamei (Crustacea: Decapoda). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 13(3):235-239.

Loy JK, Dewhirst FE, Weber W, Frelier PF, Garbar TL, Tasca SI, Templeton JW, 1996. Molecular phylogeny and in situ detection of the etiologic agent of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis in shrimp. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 62(9):3439-3445.

Nunan LM, Pantoja CR, Gomez-Jimenez S, Lightner DV, 2013. "Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei," an intracellular pathogenic enteric bacterium in the hepatopancreas of the marine shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Crustacea: Decapoda). Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 79(4):1407-1409. http://aem.asm.org/content/79/4/1407.abstract

Distribution Maps

• = Present, no further details
• = Evidence of pathogen
• = Widespread
• = Last reported
• = Localised
• = Presence unconfirmed
• = Confined and subject to quarantine
• = See regional map for distribution within the country
• = Occasional or few reports

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