This paper discusses the habitat and taxonomic position in Proteobacteria; fundamental and applied interests; biology of Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp.; taxonomy and systematics; and co-speciation between the bacterial symbionts and the nematode hosts.

This paper describes the Vibrio fischeri-squid model system. The various stages of the bacteria-nematode symbiosis are discussed in detail and compared with the bacteria-squid system. Notable differences between the Photorhabdus-Heterorhabditis and Xenorhabdus-Steinernema systems are presented.

This paper discusses the virulence factors of microorganisms associated with entomopathogenic nematodes which contributes to infection including diseases, with the exception of mechanisms required for growth on non-living substrates.

An outcome of research into the biology of the symbiosis of entomopathogenic nematodes and their associated bacteria has been the discovery of the diversity of chemical substances, some of them new to science, produced by bacterial symbionts. This paper focuses on these secondary metabolites,...

This paper discusses the various regulatory protocols instituted globally to ensure the safe usage of entomopathogenic nematodes. Recent knowledge on the effect of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria on non-target organisms; isolation of Photorhabdus sp. from humans; and the...