This chapter assesses the potential of private voluntary standards in horticultural exports for providing incentives to the private sector investing in small-scale growers, to the mutual benefit of growers as well as exporters. The chapter then traces characteristics of such co-investment and its...

This chapter considers the relationship between transaction costs of small farmers in developing countries and their potential for trading in both domestic and international markets. Section 1 examines the key issues facing small farmers in the commercialization process. Section 2 identifies the...

The key concern expressed about free inputs programmes is that they 'crowd out' the private sector. The concept of crowding out in this context implies that something that would have been bought from the private sector (seed and/or fertilizer) is no longer purchased because of the intervention....