This chapter addresses the likely leaders and laggards from the seed industry's shift to a protected intellectual property model, by analysing the differences that have emerged between developed and developing countries. Developed countries have moved towards biotechnology, private funding and...

This chapter presents an overview of: public and private sector agricultural research; private funding of research by farmers; public-private collaboration in conducting research and development; and public research reform in an era of privatization.

This book synthesizes contemporary experiences with changing public and private sector roles in funding and executing agricultural research, with emphasis on developing countries. The book consists of 15 chapters organized into four distinct parts. Part I provides a brief overview of the current...

This chapter first examines the evolution of the agricultural research system in Uruguay, focusing on the creation, structure and human resources of the National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA). It then describes the farmer-government cofinancing of INIA research.

This chapter provides an economic rationale for public-private cooperation (PPC) in research in terms of potential benefits, risks and costs. Conditions conducive to PPC and obstacles to successful PPC are outlined. The chapter then reviews experiences of PPC in the Netherlands with special...

This chapter outlines the current Australian rural research and development (R&D) funding system, and examines its key features. The levy system that supports the network of research and development corporations is then considered in detail. Recent trends in research funding are discussed, and...

This chapter examines farmer financing of research on coffee, rice, sugarcane, and oil palm in Colombia. Information on the levy paid by producers is presented. Lessons learned from Colombia's experiences in farmer financing of research are also presented, and some implications for the future are...

This chapter draws from available literature as well as from a few African case studies to lay out the main issues and to suggest some lessons that may be useful to policy makers in implementing producer funding of agricultural research. Economic arguments for and against producer funding are...

Brazil is the world's fifth largest country. It is still heavily dependent on agricultural products. Most of the agricultural biotechnology research and development is supported by government (heavily financed by the World Bank) within government institutions. There is an urgency to stimulate the...