This chapter assesses the potential of private voluntary standards in horticultural exports for providing incentives to the private sector investing in small-scale growers, to the mutual benefit of growers as well as exporters. The chapter then traces characteristics of such co-investment and its...

This chapter begins by defining protected areas and explaining their importance to tourism development in Australia. The benefits and costs of ecotourism in protected areas are examined, with attention directed to recent public and private sector initiatives in protected areas. The chapter...

This chapter first examines the evolution of the agricultural research system in Uruguay, focusing on the creation, structure and human resources of the National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA). It then describes the farmer-government cofinancing of INIA research.

This chapter provides an economic rationale for public-private cooperation (PPC) in research in terms of potential benefits, risks and costs. Conditions conducive to PPC and obstacles to successful PPC are outlined. The chapter then reviews experiences of PPC in the Netherlands with special...

This chapter describes the innovation system that generated zero tillage (ZT) technology in Argentina, based on a review of relevant literature and semistructured interviews with 21 key informants in Argentina and 43 informants in Brazil, Paraguay, Mexico, and the UK. The chapter reviews the...

This chapter outlines the current Australian rural research and development (R&D) funding system, and examines its key features. The levy system that supports the network of research and development corporations is then considered in detail. Recent trends in research funding are discussed, and...

This chapter examines farmer financing of research on coffee, rice, sugarcane, and oil palm in Colombia. Information on the levy paid by producers is presented. Lessons learned from Colombia's experiences in farmer financing of research are also presented, and some implications for the future are...

This chapter draws from available literature as well as from a few African case studies to lay out the main issues and to suggest some lessons that may be useful to policy makers in implementing producer funding of agricultural research. Economic arguments for and against producer funding are...

This chapter examines tourism in South Africa, more specifically in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. Interviews conducted with the major stakeholders between 1994 and 1999 set out to consider whether, within the context of the province's political economy, ecotourism allowed the authors to identify a ...