This chapter assesses the potential of private voluntary standards in horticultural exports for providing incentives to the private sector investing in small-scale growers, to the mutual benefit of growers as well as exporters. The chapter then traces characteristics of such co-investment and its...

This chapter considers the relationship between transaction costs of small farmers in developing countries and their potential for trading in both domestic and international markets. Section 1 examines the key issues facing small farmers in the commercialization process. Section 2 identifies the...

This chapter explores the ramifications of mandatory intellectual property protection (IPP) in both developed and developing countries, especially as it promotes or inhibits agricultural innovation. It further examines how IPP in developed countries has led to the dominance of private over public...

This chapter addresses the likely leaders and laggards from the seed industry's shift to a protected intellectual property model, by analysing the differences that have emerged between developed and developing countries. Developed countries have moved towards biotechnology, private funding and...

This book synthesizes contemporary experiences with changing public and private sector roles in funding and executing agricultural research, with emphasis on developing countries. The book consists of 15 chapters organized into four distinct parts. Part I provides a brief overview of the current...

This chapter questions the continued need for public plant breeding programmes in developing countries and discusses their future role. The following factors driving the changes taking place in the plant breeding industry are identified: the commercialization of agriculture; the privatization of...

This chapter reviews the available evidence on trends in private agricultural research in developing countries. It then uses economic logic and the available evidence to examine the determinants of benefits from and costs of research. The chapter concludes that private research in developing...