Farmers planted genetically engineered crops that produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on a cumulative total of 570 million ha worldwide from 1996 to 2013. These Bt crops kill some key insect pests, yet they are not toxic to most other organisms, including...

Throughout this book, several authors have reviewed the pest resistance challenges within the context of the use of genetically modified (GM) crops, the solutions that are necessary to mitigate the evolution of insect pest resistance and the continued need for effective insect resistance management ...

For centuries, traditional agriculture in developing countries has used effective methods of insect pest control using botanicals. In order to make them a cheap and simple means of insect control for users, their efficacy and optimal use still need to be assessed. Currently, the measures to control ...

This book presents guidelines on the identification of macronutrient and micronutrient deficiency symptoms in cereal crops (maize, rice, sorghum, pearl millet, wheat and barley), pulse crops (pigeon pea, green gram, black gram, cowpea, cluster bean, chickpea, Phaseolus vulgaris, lentil and pea),...

This chapter focuses on the comparative analyses of petroleum and plant feedstocks (i.e. maize, sugarcane, cotton, flax and tobacco), environmental and health concerns of petroleum use, consumer acceptance of petrochemical-derived products, the plant-based industry's impact on the rural economy and ...

From their introduction in 1996-2007, the genetically modified (GM) crops grown with traits for insecticide resistance (GM IR) have been predominantly maize and cotton varieties expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1 toxins for the control of larval stages of relatively few key moth pest species....

Genetically modified (GM) maize and cotton varieties that express insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have become an important component in integrated pest management programmes worldwide. A number of other crops producing Bt toxins, or more broad-spectrum insecticidal...

Crops genetically modified to produce crystal (Cry) toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for insect control can reduce reliance on conventional insecticides. Evolution of resistance to Bt toxins by insect populations is the primary threat to the continued success of this approach. Resistance of...

Since 1996, over 500 million ha of genetically modified (GM) crops have been grown worldwide. The principal GM crops are soybean, maize, cotton and canola which have been modified for herbicide tolerance (Ht) and/or insect resistance Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). These crops are all used in...

China was the first country to commercialize biotech crops with the commercialization of tobacco in the early 1990s. In 1997, it formally approved the commercialization of Bt cotton. Despite the availability of local cotton varieties expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Monsanto's Bt cotton...