Occluded viruses are observed in three virus families: (i) Baculoviridae (baculoviruses); (ii) Reoviridae (cypovirus); and (iii) Poxviridae (entomopox viruses). In addition to these occluded viruses, rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) nudivirus and iridoviruses have also been used as pest...

This chapter focuses on the different biopesticides, including microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, oomycetes), biochemicals, semiochemicals and plant incorporated protectants (bacteria and viruses), that have insecticidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, nematicidal, attractant and repellent effects...

This chapter discussed: current virus taxonomy and classification; preliminary approaches to virus identification; methodology for virus isolation and fractionation; biochemical/molecular approaches to virus identification and diagnosis; and PCR and virus-specific primer development.

This chapter focuses on more applied uses of molecular techniques on the fungi affecting insects and other invertebrates.

This chapter summarizes past and current molecular methods considered for diagnosis of insect-parasitic and pathogenic nematodes. Readers should be aware that the practice of developing molecules as taxonomic tools is not a trivial and quick task. On the contrary, it requires the same rigour and...

This chapter discusses the identification and diagnostics of entomopathogenic protozoa. The topics discussed include: molecular identification of species and strains; nucleic acid extraction and template preparation; DNA sequencing and its application in protozoa identification; fingerprinting...

This chapter discusses 16S rRNA gene sequences and protein coding genes.

This chapter reviews and summarizes recent advances in fungal phylogenetics that inform understanding of their evolution and classification, and how molecular data are used to develop modern species concepts and how this relates to the systematic study of entomopathogenic fungi. It is divided into...

This chapter presents a brief introduction to phylogenetics, population genetics and DNA bar coding, and discusses the genetic loci and analytical tools (software) that are relevant to applying them to entomogenous nematodes.

This chapter describes some examples of how viruses have already been used to control insect pests, and then to illustrate the range of interactions that occur between selected insect viruses and their hosts, and highlighting the molecular techniques used to study these interactions.