Intellectual property issues in biotechnology.

Chapter 18 (Page no: 181)

Innovation and intellectual property issues in the 'decade of vaccines': a Brazilian perspective.

This chapter examines innovations in human and veterinary vaccines against infections and intellectual property rights (IPR) issues in biotechnology from the Brazilian perspective. From this perspective, it proposes a comprehensive approach to vaccine innovation in the developing world, examining the global scenario in IPR and how it impacts on policies and access of the population to new health products. It discusses the globalization of intellectual property (IP) in the health sector with the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), signed in 1995, and its implications for vaccine innovation and development. From a market perspective, it discusses IPR constraints in technology transfer agreements and the impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on IPR and on prices of pharmaceutical products. The need for a scientific and technological cross-fertilization between the fields of human and veterinary vaccines is also stressed. Final considerations are made on future scenarios in the new developments of the "Decade of Vaccines", a World Health Organization (WHO) Global Vaccine Action Plan 2011-2020, discussing alternative incentives to innovation, aiming to place vaccines in the core of health innovation systems in the developing world.

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