The design of traditional implements fulfilled the farming purpose with long exposure and understanding. However, there is plenty of scope to amend the design predicated on animal-machine-environment interaction so as to have more output, incremented efficiency and preserving the environment by...

The Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) region of Pakistan, formerly known as the Northern Areas, has an estimated population of 25,000 yak and more than a 100,000 yak hybrids. Yak are kept in the highland pastures for their tractability, tolerance to the harsh climate, and high value products of meat, milk,...

Hemoprotozoan parasites pose a serious threat to the livestock population in terms of mortality, reduced milk yield and lowered draft power. Diagnosis of these diseases often poses a challenging task. Needless to say that impact of disease in health and productivity is huge though a fair economic...

Domestic work animals exist in all regions of the world. In India, the energy for ploughing two-thirds of the cultivated area comes from animal power and they haul up to 15 per cent of the total freight in the available 14 million animal drawn carts. Thus the stock of 60 million working cattle and...

An improved steel bullock cart (2.0 tones capacity) of INSDAG (Institute of Steel Development and Growth, Kolkata) design has been evaluated after putting rubber liner on its wheels as a modification, with a view to study its suitability in preventing the surface of rural roads. The cart with and...

A study was conducted to estimate the draft performance and to aware farmer for working efficiency of Red Kandhari bullocks. Carting trials were carried out with pneumatic (C1) and iron cart (C2), on field (R1), kaccha (R2) and tar road (R3) with load of L1 (1000 kg), L2 (750 kg) and L3 (500 kg)....

This paper discusses the use of some non-conventional sources of energy particularly in agricultural activities to provide the appropriate insights among the farming community to adopt with highly reliable, non-polluting and naturally available energy sources for overall sustainable development....

Experiments were performed to determine the effects of packing (load carrying) on erythrocyte osmotic fragility and serum malondialdehyde concentrations in the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in the semi-arid zone of Nigeria. Experimental camels (n=8) were packed with grains of 200 kg, while ...

Camel is an important livestock particularly in the pastoral community because of its extraordinary ability to perform in arid and semi-arid environments. Camel plays a central role in the livelihood of pastoralists by providing the milk, meat and draught power. However, milk can also serve as a...