Damage based identification key for endophagous herbivores on Common Reed (Phragmites australis)

Author: Patrick Häfliger ©
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Species description

			The Large Wainscot Rhizedra lutosa (Hübner) (Lep.: Noctuidae)
									Archanara dissoluta Archanara geminipuncta Archanara neurica Arenostola phragmitidis Chilo phragmitellus Giraudiella inclusa Lasioptera arundinis Lasioptera hungarica Lipara lucens Lipara pullitarsis Lipara rufitarsis Lipara similis Microlasioptera flexuosa Phragmataecia castaneae Platycephala planifrons Rhizedra lutosa Schoenobius gigantellus Steneotarsonemus phragmitis Tetramesa phragmitis Thrypticus smaragdinus
	Biology: Larvae hatch in spring, enter shoots and mine down into the rhizome, after changing once or twice the shoot. Pupation takes place in August in the soil or in the rhizome. Adults emerge in September and October and lay eggs on shoot bases or litter. Description: Larvae up to 4 cm long, plump, body white pale pinkish-brown, head orange-brown (picture 35); pupae 2.5-3 cm long; adults white-winged with a few dark dots on forewings (picture 30). Feeding pattern/damage: Infested internodes and rhizomes are packed with feces and severely damaged. Larval feeding of the Large Wainscot kills shoots completely. Distribution: Europe, North America (introduced) References: Bretherton et al., 1983; Blair, 1950; McCabe and Schweitzer, 1991				Pic. 35: Larva of Rhizedra lutosa Pic. 30: Adult of Rhizedra lutosa

2/04/07

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