Damage based identification key for endophagous herbivores on Common Reed (Phragmites australis) |
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| Author:
Patrick Häfliger © |
CABI
Europe - Switzerland, Rue des Grillons 1, CH-2800 Delémont |
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| "The
Black-Ended Gall fly" Lipara similis Schiner (Dipt.: Chloropidae) |
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Biology: Larvae hatch between late May and June, enter shoots from the tip, and mine down to the growing point, but never feed farther down. Only one larva is found per shoot. End of July/August full fed larvae turn head upwards and hibernate few cm above the growing point. Pupation happens in April and adults emerge during May and June. Flies live for about two weeks and lay eggs on shoot tips and leaves. Description: Mature larva 5.5-10 mm long, glossy, light yellowish, dark on both ends (picture 3), always above the growing point; pupae same shape as larvae, brown to yellow-brown with dark ends; adults dark, 3.5-4.5 mm large (picture 37). Feeding pattern/damage: Larvae induce shortening of only 2-4 internodes, which are never mined by larvae. Thereby no distinct gall is resulting. Due to larval feeding the uppermost leaf is dead and shortened and 1-2 top leaves are frayed (picture 9). Distribution: Europe, North America (introduced) References: Chvala et al., 1974 |
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| 2/04/07 | webmaster webdesign k.i.s.s. helmut recher |
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