Damage based identification key for endophagous herbivores on Common Reed (Phragmites australis)

Author: Patrick Häfliger ©
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Species description

			"The Hungarian Gall Midge" Lasioptera hungarica Möhn (Dipt.: Cecidomyiidae)
									Archanara dissoluta Archanara geminipuncta Archanara neurica Arenostola phragmitidis Chilo phragmitellus Giraudiella inclusa Lasioptera arundinis Lasioptera hungarica Lipara lucens Lipara pullitarsis Lipara rufitarsis Lipara similis Microlasioptera flexuosa Phragmataecia castaneae Platycephala planifrons Rhizedra lutosa Schoenobius gigantellus Steneotarsonemus phragmitis Tetramesa phragmitis Thrypticus smaragdinus
	Biology: Larvae live in symbiosis with a black fungus (picture 1). Up to 300 larvae can live in one internode. Larvae hibernate in the shoots and pupate the following spring. Adults emerge in May/June through a small hole (picture 48). Eggs are laid through the internode wall. Description: Larvae up to 5 mm long, yellowish, usually dirty by the black fungus Feeding pattern/damage: 1-3 internodes are packed with larvae and the black fungus (picture 1). However, shoots infested by Lasioptera hungarica are not impaired. Distribution: Europe, North America (introduced) References: Skuhravy, 1981; Tewksbury et al., 2002				Pic. 48: Adult Lasioptera hungarica Pic. 1: Lasioptera hungarica larvae with associated fungus

2/04/07

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