Damage based identification key for endophagous herbivores on Common Reed (Phragmites australis)

Author: Patrick Häfliger ©
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Species description

			"The Side Shoot Midge" Lasioptera arundinis (Schiner) (Dipt.: Cecidomyiidae)
									Archanara dissoluta Archanara geminipuncta Archanara neurica Arenostola phragmitidis Chilo phragmitellus Giraudiella inclusa Lasioptera arundinis Lasioptera hungarica Lipara lucens Lipara pullitarsis Lipara rufitarsis Lipara similis Microlasioptera flexuosa Phragmataecia castaneae Platycephala planifrons Rhizedra lutosa Schoenobius gigantellus Steneotarsonemus phragmitis Tetramesa phragmitis Thrypticus smaragdinus
	Biology: Larvae live in a symbiosis with a black fungus, but are only found in side shoots. Larvae hibernate in the shoots and pupate the following spring. Adults emerge in June through small holes. Eggs are laid under the basal leaf sheath of young side shoots. Description: Larvae c. 4 mm long, white-yellowish, usually dirty by the black fungus. Feeding pattern/damage: Infested side shoots are thickened and have shortened internodes. Up to 12 internodes can be infested and show a black line on the surface below the leaf sheath (picture 29). Distribution: Europe References: Skuhravy, 1981; Rohfritsch, 1992, 1997				Pic. 29: Side shoot infested by Lasioptera arundinis (after removing leaves)

2/04/07

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