Damage based identification key for endophagous herbivores on Common Reed (Phragmites australis) |
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| Author:
Patrick Häfliger © |
CABI
Europe - Switzerland, Rue des Grillons 1, CH-2800 Delémont |
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| "The
Rice Grain Gall Midge" Giraudiella inclusa (Frauenfeld) (Dipt.: Cecidomyiidae) |
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Biology: First generation of the rice grain midge hatch end of May. Up to four generations are observed. Eggs are laid on the ligule of leaf sheaths. Hatched larvae move downwards under the leaf sheath and then form a pit in the internode tissue using chemical secretions. Internode tissue closes over the larva, and the resulting "rice grain gall" protrudes inwards within the hollow internode. Pupae bore a hole through the internode wall, wherefrom adults emerge (picture 49). A part of each generation does not emerge in the same year, but hibernates. Description: Larvae c. 4 mm long, white to rose. Feeding pattern/damage: Rice grain galls (pictures 8, 2) usually do not cause significant damage to reed shoots. However, if the gall density is very high, shoot tips can break or die. Galls have often a completely different shape (pictures 17, 26, 28 and 61). Distribution: Europe, North America (introduced) References: Tscharntke, 1986; Skuhravy, 1981 |
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