Climate change affecting: all terrestrial vegetation types, and freshwater and coastal marine habitats, water resources, soils, crops including pests and diseases, agrometeorology and climatology, human and animal health. pollution, economic aspects and tourism.
other anthropogenic effects on the biosphere including: deforestation, pollution (includng air pollution), habitat loss, watershed stability, land diversion, loss of land due to urban development and species losses.
adaptation and mitigation strategies including: energy resources from forests/plantations and crops (fuelwood and biofuels), creation of habitat corridors to allow migration of species affected by climate change, adoption of cropping systems that sequester carbon, restoration ecology of habitats damaged by man's activities, bioremediation agroforestry and exploitation of non-wood, forest products (as an economic alternative to logging), conservation of fauna and flora