CAB International
 
Environmental impact of invertebrates for biological control of arthropods: methods and risk assessment.
Environmental impact of invertebrates for biological control of arthropods: methods and risk assessment.

Editor(s): Bigler, F. Babendreier, D. Kuhlmann, U.

2006 CABI (H ISBN 9780851990583)

This book, intended for the scientific community involved in biological control and integrated pest management, commercial companies producing biological control agents, risk assessors and regulatory authorities, compiles the current methodologies... More

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Current status and constraints in the assessment of non-target effects.
Current status and constraints in the assessment of non-target effects.
Chapter: 1 (Page no: 1)

Author(s): Babendreier, D. Bigler, F. Kuhlmann, U.

2006 CABI

In the last two decades increasing concerns have been expressed regarding potential non-target effects of invertebrate biological control agents of arthropods. This has led to an increasing number of studies investigating non-target effects in... More

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Selection of non-target species for host specificity testing.
Selection of non-target species for host specificity testing.
Chapter: 2 (Page no: 15)

Author(s): Kuhlmann, U. Schaffner, U. Mason, P. G.

2006 CABI

We present comprehensive recommendations for setting up test species lists for arthropod biological control programmes that are scientifically based and ensure that all aspects of potential direct impacts are considered. It is proposed that a set... More

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Host specificity in arthropod biological control, methods for testing and interpretation of the data.
Host specificity in arthropod biological control, methods for testing and interpretation of the data.
Chapter: 3 (Page no: 38)

Author(s): Lenteren, J. C. van Cock, M. J. W. Hoffmeister, T. S. Sands, D. P. A.

2006 CABI

Potentially, the introduction of exotic natural enemies or mass release of biological control agents may lead to unwanted non-target effects. Whether or not such effects occur will depend mainly upon the host range of the biological control agent... More

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Measuring and predicting indirect impacts of biological control: competition, displacement and secondary interactions.
Measuring and predicting indirect impacts of biological control: competition, displacement and secondary interactions.
Chapter: 4 (Page no: 64)

Author(s): Messing, R. Roitberg, B. Brodeur, J.

2006 CABI

In recent years concern over the potential environmental impact of biological control agents has broadened to include indirect ecological interactions with other species, such as competition and apparent competition. It is extremely difficult to... More

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Risks of interbreeding between species used in biological control and native species, and methods for evaluating their occurrence and impact.
Risks of interbreeding between species used in biological control and native species, and methods for evaluating their occurrence and impact.
Chapter: 5 (Page no: 78)

Author(s): Hopper, K. R. Britch, S. C. Wajnberg, E.

2006 CABI

Insect species introduced or augmented for biological control of insect pests may interbreed with native species, which may change fitness or cause evolution, which may in turn alter abundances. By 'interbreeding', we mean any reproductive... More

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Assessing the establishment potential of inundative biological control agents.
Assessing the establishment potential of inundative biological control agents.
Chapter: 6 (Page no: 98)

Author(s): Boivin, G. Kölliker-Ott, U. M. Bale, J. Bigler, F.

2006 CABI

Establishment of exotic natural enemies in the area of release is not a desirable attribute in inundative releases as it increases the risks of non-target effects on native species. To evaluate the risks of non-target effects, this chapter focuses... More

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Methods for monitoring the dispersal of natural enemies from point source releases associated with augmentative biological control.
Methods for monitoring the dispersal of natural enemies from point source releases associated with augmentative biological control.
Chapter: 7 (Page no: 114)

Author(s): Mills, N. J. Babendreier, D. Loomans, A. J. M.

2006 CABI

Mark-release-recapture (MRR) experiments are considered the best approach to use in monitoring the dispersal of natural enemies from the target environment, in an assessment of the risk of non-target impacts from augmentative releases. Starting... More

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Risks of plant damage caused by natural enemies introduced for arthropod biological control.
Risks of plant damage caused by natural enemies introduced for arthropod biological control.
Chapter: 8 (Page no: 132)

Author(s): Albajes, R. Castañé, C. Gabarra, R. Alomar, Ò.

2006 CABI

Although the capacity to feed on both prey and plants is relatively widespread among pest natural enemies, mostly in predators, crop damage has rarely been reported. Little is known about the mechanisms governing crop damage occurrence by... More

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Methods for assessment of contaminants of invertebrate biological control agents and associated risks.
Methods for assessment of contaminants of invertebrate biological control agents and associated risks.
Chapter: 9 (Page no: 145)

Author(s): Goettel, M. S. Inglis, G. D.

2006 CABI

With the importation or transport of any commodity, there exists the hazard that unwanted organisms or substances (i.e. 'contaminants') will be conveyed and introduced. Invertebrate biological control agents (IBCAs) can be contaminated with... More

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Post-release evaluation of non-target effects of biological control agents.
Post-release evaluation of non-target effects of biological control agents.
Chapter: 10 (Page no: 166)

Author(s): Barratt, B. I. P. Blossey, B. Hokkanen, H. M. T.

2006 CABI

In this chapter, post-release evaluation of non-target impacts of introduced biological control agents is discussed, with emphasis on parasitoids used for biological control, but examples are also given for insect pathogens and herbivores for weed... More

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Molecular methods for the identification of biological control agents at the species and strain level.
Molecular methods for the identification of biological control agents at the species and strain level.
Chapter: 11 (Page no: 187)

Author(s): Stouthamer, R.

2006 CABI

Natural enemies used in biological control programmes are sometimes difficult to identify because of their small size and lack of distinguishing morphological characters. This applies in particular to parasitoid wasps, which form the most... More

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The usefulness of the ecoregion concept for safer import of invertebrate biological control agents.
The usefulness of the ecoregion concept for safer import of invertebrate biological control agents.
Chapter: 12 (Page no: 202)

Author(s): Cock, M. J. W. Kuhlmann, U. Schaffner, U. Bigler, F. Babendreier, D.

2006 CABI

From a scientific perspective it is clear that ecological boundaries are more relevant than national boundaries when assessing the hazards and risks of non-target effects of biological control agents, including invertebrate biological control... More

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Statistical tools to improve the quality of experiments and data analysis for assessing non-target effects.
Statistical tools to improve the quality of experiments and data analysis for assessing non-target effects.
Chapter: 13 (Page no: 222)

Author(s): Hoffmeister, T. S. Babendreier, D. Wajnberg, E.

2006 CABI

When testing non-target effects of biological control agents, it is essential that conclusions can be drawn with high precision and confidence. However, testing non-target effects confronts the experimenter with a number of difficulties. First of... More

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Principles of environmental risk assessment with emphasis on the New Zealand perspective.
Principles of environmental risk assessment with emphasis on the New Zealand perspective.
Chapter: 14 (Page no: 241)

Author(s): Abdul Moeed Hickson, R. Barratt, B. I. P.

2006 CABI

Principles of risk assessment and management for release of biological control agents are explained. An example of the application of risk assessment and management is given based on the New Zealand practice and experience. Prior to introducing... More

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Environmental risk assessment: methods for comprehensive evaluation and quick scan.
Environmental risk assessment: methods for comprehensive evaluation and quick scan.
Chapter: 15 (Page no: 254)

Author(s): Lenteren, J. C. van Loomans, A. J. M.

2006 CABI

In this chapter, we first summarize the international situation with respect to environmental risk assessment for biological control agents. Next, we present the risk assessment procedure previously developed in the OECD and EU-ERBIC projects.... More

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Balancing environmental risks and benefits: a basic approach.
Balancing environmental risks and benefits: a basic approach.
Chapter: 16 (Page no: 273)

Author(s): Bigler, F. Kölliker-Ott, U.

2006 CABI

Risk-cost-benefit assessment of a biological control agent is a complex task, given that it should take into account expected risks, costs and benefits of economic values, human and animal health, and the environment. Environmental impacts can not... More

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